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GCSE Physics Coursework - Resistance of a Wire Coursework Resistance of a Wire Task To investigate how the resistance of a wire is affected by the length of the wire. Theory What is resistance? Electricity is conducted through a conductor, in this case wire, by means of free electrons. The number of free electrons depends on the material and more free electrons means a better conductor, i.e. it has less resistance. For example, gold has more free electrons than iron and, as a result, it is a better conductor. The free electrons are given energy and as a result move and collide with neighbouring free electrons. This happens across the length of the wire and thus electricity is conducted. Resistance is the result of energy loss as heat. It involves collisions between the free electrons and the fixed particles of the metal, other free electrons and impurities. These collisions convert some of the energy that the free electrons are carrying into heat. How is it measured? The resistance of a length of wire is calculated by measuring the current present in the circuit (in series) and the voltage across the wire (in parallel). These measurements are then applied to this formula: V = I  ´ R where V = Voltage, I = Current and R = Resistance This can be rearranged to: R = V I Ohm’s Law It is also relevant to know of Ohm’s Law, which states that the current through a metallic conductor (e.g. wire) at a constant temperature is proportional to the potential difference (voltage). Therefore V  ¸ I is constant. This means that the resistance of a metallic conductor is constant providing that the temperature also remains constant. Furthermore, the resistance of a metal increases as its temperature increases. This is because at higher temperatures, the particles of the conductor are moving around more quickly, thus increasing the likelihood of collisions with the free electrons. Variables Input: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Length of wire. * †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Material of wire. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Width of wire. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starting temperature of wire. Output: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and thus the resistance of the wire. †  †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltage across wire. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current in circuit. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temperature of wire. The variable marked with a * will be varied, the other input variables will be kept constant. The output variable marked with a †  will be measured. Predictions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The longer the wire, the higher the resistance. This is because the longer the wire, the more times the free electrons will collide with other free electrons, the particles making up the metal, and any impurities in the metal.

The Many Faces of American Identity

Since the Civil War, America’s identity and the identity of its citizens has gone through multiple transitions, each building upon or rejecting the ideas and principles of those issues which had come before.From the racial segregation and discrimination of African Americans from the time of Reconstruction through the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, the plight of the poor and the politically disenfranchised, the struggle for equal rights for women and homosexuals, and the post-Cold War issues of globalization and economic viability in a changing world, the concept of what it means to be American has adapted to both the successes and failures of each.At the basis of each of these struggles is the idea that at periods throughout American history each of these groups have felt the need to be heard and represented, having been marginalized by social and political injustices and ideologies that at each turn represented a hypocrisy over the basic tenets of freedom and liberty. Un represented and kept outside of the political process and the mainstream social identity, these groups have sought to alternately belong to a concept of the American identity and to redefine it.In examining each of these developments, from Jacob Riis 1890 expose of the New York City slums to the new freedoms and challenges of the post-Cold War America of presidents Clinton and G. W. Bush, I will illustrate how each social and political revelation combine to create an American identity that is uncertain of its future while carrying an awareness of its past. Jacob Riis 1890 book How The Other Half Live gave the average, middle-class American room for pause. In his description of the slums and challenges faced by the economically and socially handicapped masses of New York City, show an underbelly to the American dream.The poverty and inequality that pervade the plight of the tenement dweller, both black and white, is at odds with the ideals of freedom. In particular, Riis makes a case for African-Americans who having recently been emancipated had fled the institutionalized racism of the South to come work and live in New York. However, they have escaped one kind of bondage, clearly and legally defined, to be forced into a socially ambiguous but no less prevalent form of degradation and discrimination.But even as Riis decries the struggle of the newly arrived blacks, who based upon their skin color alone are placed at the bottom of the social ladder, his own views speak of a different kind of discrimination. While at once condemning the landlords who profit by courting black tenants due to the ability to charge more money, Riis explanation of the character of blacks is simplistic and demeaning, likening them more to children than adults equal in every respect to their white counterparts, â€Å"If his emotions are not very deeply rooted, they are at least sincere while they last, and until the tempter gets the upper hand again†(Riis, p.155). He also express es a desire to maintain a level of segregation, calling the mixing of races on Thompson Street where the â€Å"this co-mingling of the utterly depraved of both sexes, white and black, on such ground, there can be no greater abomination† (p. 156). Despite the shortcomings of his viewpoint, influenced by the historical relationship of whites and blacks in the U. S. , Riis nevertheless realizes that blacks are being pushed away from the very equality promised to them as citizens, as Americans.Additionally, the poor native New Yorkers and immigrants who people the tenements, share a similar burden. Reduced by economic and social circumstance to merely subsist on the scraps of a society which has turned a blind eye to them, the â€Å"pauper† is in a position devoid of hope, He is as hopeless as his own poverty† (Riis, 1890, p. 246). Immigrants such as the Irish fared no better in Riis opinion, being particular vulnerable to the moral deterioration of slum life being t he â€Å"soonest and most thoroughly† (Riis, 1890, p. 249) corrupted.The kind of separation between economic and racial portions of society, as well as the defense of one while the other remains degraded, is a common thread that runs throughout the changes of the last century in America’s identity. The 1896 Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson legalized this type of segregation with the â€Å"separate but equal† predecent, providing a constitutional basis for Jim Crow laws to flourish and plant deeper roots in the American South. Though struck down over a half a century later by the Court’s decision in Brown vs.Board of Education, the realization of equality as American citizens regardless of race, religion, sexuality, gender, or economic status proved to not be so easy. While in 1881 Chester Arthur hoped to assimilate the Native American population into the broader scope of white society through re-education and removal of tribal affil iation and heritage, no such policy was established in regard to African Americans. As with the struggle for women’s and gay rights, the struggle for African American equality culminated within the community itself.The refusal of Southern lawmakers to rise out of the era of racism and embrace a new concept of American, as non-white and white side-by-side, created a necessity to action. As Martin Luther King Jr. ’s 1962 â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail† attempted to explain this need to the black power structure which both supported and chastised him for his actions in Birmingham and across the South, â€Å"â€Å"unfortunate that demonstrations are taking place in Birmingham, but it is even more unfortunate that the city’s white power structure left the Negro community no alternative.† More importantly, King understood the concept of the â€Å"mutuality† of the American community, whether it be black or white, male or female, which was pi cked up again by the youth culture that grew to embody a sense of change and challenge, as embodied in the Port Huron Statement. King noted in 1962 that, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. † There is truth still in that statement, as well as in the ideals placement within other struggles for equality. It is a concept that not only did the student protesters understood but was an equal basis for Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique and the rise of the feminist movement and later the push for gay rights and better federal programs to combat the AIDS crisis.Like the inequalities of the previous century, the poverty described by Riis and the racism inherent to the continued racial discrimination, the gender and sexuality issue that has come to a head over the past fifty years have effectively acted to undermi ne the idealized definition of American while also harming the fabric of society. Disenfranchised people are left to stagnate rather than grow and instead of reasoned change it boils over in emotion and uncertainty.The women in Friedan’s Feminine Mystique cannot name the hypocrisy of the country’s national values and the gender roles programmed into their psyche and are bowed under an enemy they cannot see. The hypocrisy of American identity has not evaporated but instead become more difficult to understand and identify; to be American has built upon the ideals established by King and Friedan, whose spirit of questioning and rebellion have become part of what it is to be American even as new and more complex cracks have appeared in the facade of such a delicate but no less no dream of freedom and liberty. Both President Bill Clinton and George W.Bush illustrate this new era of a globalized identity with in their respective inaugurations. Each faced challenges during th eir presidencies, differing on a wide-array of social and political issues. However, on the cusp of their first term they express the optimism and unfailing double-blindness of a nation which tries to steer its hope to the future while alternately cowering against and celebrating its past. Constantly aware of our differences, America has attempted to celebrate this difference even as we continue to marginalize along the lines of race, religion, politics, social status, and gender.It is a cycle of self-hate and self-love that has become as much a part of the American identity as the mythological concept of the American dream. Bibliography Arthur, C. (1881). Indian Policy Reform. PBS. Retrieved 30 April 2010 from http://www. pbs. org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/seven/indpol. htm. Brown vs. Board. (1954). Find Law. Retrieved 30 April 2010 from http://caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? court=US&vol=347&invol=483. Friedan, B. (1962). Feminine Mystique. H-Net. Retrieved 1 May 2010 from http://www. h-net. org/~hst203/documents/friedan1. html. King, M.L. Jr. (1963). Letter From a Birmingham Jail. The Martin Luther King Jr. Research & Education Institute. Retrieved 1 May 2010 from http://mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu/kingweb/popular_requests/frequentdocs/birmingham. pdf. Plessy vs. Ferguson. (1896). Find Law. Retrieved 30 April 2010 from http://caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? court=US&vol=163&invol=537. Riis, J. (1890). How The Other Half Lives. New York: Charles Schribner & Sons. Google Books. Retrieved 1 May 2010 from http://books. google. com/books? id=zhcv_oA5dwgC&dq=How+the+Other+Half+Lives&source=gbs_navlinks_s.

One Day on the River Essay

Elijah has grander and more dangerous dreams. Having been largely acculturated by a residential school upbringing before escaping into the forest to live with Xavier and Niska, he has acquired the dubious skills of public relations and boastfulness as much as the crafts of the hunter. His English, learned from the nuns, is impeccable, and he makes his mark among the men in the trenches as much by the flash of his storytelling as by his murderous midnight prowls in no man’s land. Gradually Elijah becomes imprisoned by two great obsessions: a need for morphine, whose use is rampant up and down the lines, and an insatiable hunger for killing. Some French soldiers suggest that if he really wants to gain respect for all his kills, he should scalp his victims as evidence. He decides to do so, much to Xavier’s disgust. In counterpoint to the exploits of Xavier and Elijah, Boyden interweaves the story of Niska, told as she paddles her wounded nephew back home after the war is over. Niska is part of the sad but admirable remnant of traditional natives who refused to enter the reserves in the 19th century, choosing instead to live by their wits and traditional teachings in the woods. Subject to what modern medicine would call epileptic seizures, Niska is deemed by her tribe to have inherited her father’s skills as a shaman and a windigo-killer. Since windigos manifest themselves in humans who have practiced cannibalism, getting rid of them involves what white society would call murder, and indeed Niska’s father was executed as a murderer by the white courts. The constant crossing of the moral lines between the worldviews of native and white society is one of the many strengths of this fascinating novel. At one point, hunkered down in his sniper’s nest, Xavier indulges himself (and the reader) in a contemplation on the number three, which he sees as an obsession of his white commanders. There’s the front line, the support line, and the reserve line, for starters. There’s the infantry, the cavalry, and the artillery. Off the battlefield, there’s food, then rest, then women. In church, there’s the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Not to mention the superstition about lighting three cigarettes with one match, a prime metaphor for courting danger in the Great War. But then Xavier suddenly remembers Niska’s traditional teaching, that those who are dying must walk the three-day road to death, and he wonders â€Å"if we share something, some magic. Maybe it will help me get through all this.† The real war hero, Peggy, makes a brief cameo appearance in the novel, which may not have been a wise choice on the author’s part. The characters of Xavier and Niska and, to a slightly lesser extent, Elijah are full to the brim with life – they’re quite satisfying and believable as they are, and need no further stamp of authentication.

Patient Education Plan

Pamela is 30 years old and a married Filipina with a two-year-old daughter. She was born in the Philippines and came to the United States at age 13. She has a high school diploma and she attended Cal Poly Pomona and received her degree in Electrical Engineering. She works Monday thru Friday at least eight to nine hours a day and still takes work home. When Pamela was 16 years old, she had an appendectomy. She enjoys drinking alcohol every week with her friends during happy hour since she was 21 years old. Otherwise she has no other significant medical istory. Her family history is very significant especially from maternal grandmother and grandfather who passed way with diabetes and paternal grandmother who passed away with lung cancer and paternal grandfather who passed away with brain aneurysm. Her mother currently has high blood pressure and her father has nothing significant going right now. Just about a few days ago Pamela showed symptoms of abdominal pain and projectile vomiting that had her husband worried about her and took her straight to the emergency room. Her pancreatic enzymes were levated, her abdominal ultrasound and CT of the abdomen showed inflammation of her pancreas. She was then admitted for further evaluation. Introduction Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. With pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed, edematous, hemorrhagic, and necrotic. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that is located behind the stomach towards the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes, which help regulate the way your body digest glucose. Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive destruction of he pancreas as characterized by permanent loss of endocrine and exocrine function. The patient usually has chronic pain. Most studies of the pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis are performed with patients who drink alcohol as stated by Nair, Lawler & Miller (2007). The signs and symptoms for acute pancreatitis are upper abdominal pain, which could radiate to the back, you would feel worse after eating a meal and there will be nausea and vomiting. There will be tenderness when the abdomen is being touched. The signs and symptoms f chronic pancreatitis is also upper abdominal pain, weight loss, indigestion and oily and foul smelling stool. Complications of pancreatitis include breathing problems that could be due to the oxygen level is low in the blood, diabetes may occur since the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin, infection may occur and have the pancreas be vulnerable of bacteria, acute pancreatitis may lead to kidney failure which could lead to hemodialysis if it is not treated. Malnutrition could be another complication since the pancreas cannot break down the food because a few nzymes are being produced. If the chronic pancreatitis does not get treated and it’s still reoccurring it could lead to pancreatic cancer. Treatment for this disease is hospitalization to stabilize the patient. Having her not consume any food during her stay will help the pancreas recover fully. Once its in control then liquid diet and advancing the diet may be course of treatment. A nutritionist will be involved in her care. IV fluids will help her stay hydrated. Pain is another factor to this disease and pain medications will be prescribed. At discharge some alternative therapy might help alleviate the pain. As mentioned on WebMD Tylenol should be avoided (2011). Exercises, yoga and meditation might be of good help to distract her. It can’t treat what she has but it could keep her comfortable. Age and Development/Educational Need In Erickson’s developmental theory Pamela is a young adult in Erickson’s that is Intimacy and Isolation. As long you have her trust in you, I believe using direct measurement as the approach of her method of learning. Just observing her behavior can help me distinguish hether or not she will be compliant. But during our session I noticed that she is willing and eager to learn and get well soon and she has shown that she is willing to be involved with her treatment. She has verbalized her understanding of what she needs to do once she goes home. Effect on Quality of Life Pamela would have to change her life style as she recovers from being diagnosed with Pancreatitis. She has to realize that whatever she has been doing on a daily basis would have to change. Her drinking of beer during happy hour every week has to stop. She’s not a smoker, hich is great. She has to drink lots of fluids and eat less fat on her diet. She would have to eat more fruits and vegetables, consume more whole grains and water. Perceived Challenges Pamela has always enjoyed her social life in going out with her friends to happy hour every week. Having to let that go might be a little difficult, being that she has always been going out ritually since she was 21 years of age. She is considered to be a very busy person that she uses alcohol to relieve her stress. So having her to give alcohol might be somewhat of a challenge. Eventually, with the support of her family and her husband especially might help her get through this stride. I see a person who is willing and get better not just for herself but for her daughter. Summary Teaching Pamela has been an experience. She showed to be very knowledgeable and very receptive. She asked questions that were relevant to her condition and since she asked shows me that she interested in getting better. She is willing to receive the help that she needs. She has verbalized her understanding and will call her physician if any of the symptoms reoccur.

Haiti Earthquake Essay

Haiti is situated in Hispaniola in the Caribbean. Hispaniola, which consists of two countries Dominican Republic and Haiti itself. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and it is the 145th poorest country the world. 80% of its 9.7 million people live below the poverty line. The Haitian earthquake occurred on the 12th January 2010; it left the country in devastation. The Social impacts of this earthquake left people homeless, the Haitian homes were not earthquake resistant as this was the biggest earthquake that Hispaniola has had so they did not prepare for it , the last earthquake occurred in Dominican Republic. The quake didn’t only leave the country either dead or injured it also brought back cholera a disease that the country hadn’t seen for a century this was because of the wrecked water treatment systems and crowded conditions it had spread quickly. Food shortage was also a side effect to the Haitian earthquake as staple crops like maize, plantains and bananas had been affected by the earthquakes mainly by the dust or being squashed, which means Haiti had to rely even more on increasingly expensive food imports that they couldn’t afford as country. Injuries and deaths was a big impact as the population went down .The death total tolls topped 200,000 a number of bodies were found under buildings and injuries were caused, fire fighters tried to retrieve many of these people, some survived but some sadly lost their lives. Another side effect after the devastation of Haiti was more crime as 3000 prisoners escaped. After the earthquake, orphans were also formed as parents of young children died and children were left homeless, parentless school less as the construction of the school wasn’t earthquake resistant each and every school in Haiti was destroyed. Life expectancy also went lower to 62 years and 7 months only. No residents couldn’t be aided without clean drinking water and dead bodies rotting in the hot sun the risk of life threatening diseases were expected. Economic Impacts was to do with government, the cost to rebuild and how Haiti was 145th poorest country in the world so they had no money to rebuild. Death tolls topped 200,000 and reliable industries and  structures were destroyed, leaving the nation in a tough situation. Haiti had never been known as a wealthy country. The homes of people were destroyed and job places were destroyed, so nobody could work, so no money could be made in the country therefore there was no income for the residents to rely on to rebuild the nation. Haiti had no chance to rebuild the country with their income in 2010. It is been no different three years later in 2014. In 2009 Haiti’s GDP stood at $11.9 billion compared to $11.6 billion in 2008. The population in Haiti increases by 2% of the total population of 10 million every single year. This made the country less rich because they didn’t have enough income for such large number people for the government to rebuild homes, more schools etc. Shops and businesses were destroyed. Looting had to take place. Damage to transport and communication links made trade became very difficult. Environmental impacts were outcomes of the earthquake to the environment. Farmers areas had been destroyed no crops could be grown due the dust and the destruction of the country. Air was also a victim to this disaster as it was polluted by the dust of the buildings and that collapsed and water was affected as chemicals and spillages from collapsed buildings oil had leaked out of damaged storage facilities into water which made it poisoned. The Earthquake reduced Haiti’s forest cover from 60% per cent to less than 2 per cent today. Today the population in Haiti has increased to 10.32million people. To avoid any further destruction to the country in future they should consider making their homes earthquake resistant and the country less populated to avoid a poor country. The number of people living in camps decreased from 1.5 million to 145,403 today, allowing over one million people to return home. More than 11,000 families have now been relocated, allowing the closure of 50 temporary camps. UNDP has been a major help to Haiti to help rebuild their small nation.UNDP is a charity that helps affected countries like Haiti. Key words Definitions. Earthquakes: Sudden release of energy through the earth’s crust in the form of waves. Tension builds up within the crust as convectional forces in the mantle try to move the plates above but are prevented from doing so by friction between plates. When friction is overcome, an earthquake occurs.  Social Impacts: Social impact is the effect of an activity on the social fabric of the community and well-being of individuals and families Convectional: Transfer of heat in a gas or liquid by upward movement of the hotter, less dense portion. Cholera: Cholera is an infection of the intestines. People get it from drinking water or eating food that’s contaminated with a type of bacteria called Vibrio cholera. Food Imports: Food imported from other countries Life expectancy: How long you are expected to live for Economic Impacts: Impacts that have affected the country’s money GDP: Gross Domestic Product. Population: All the inhabitants of a particular place Incomes: Money received. Looting: Stealing from unguarded homes or businesses Environmental Impacts: Impacts to do with Environment affecting the Landscape UNDP: United Nation Development Programme is a charity. Convectional: Final way that heat is transferred from one place to another is convection

Ehe development of Scrooge’s Character Essay

But as I know your purpose is to do me good, and as I hope to be another man from what I was, I am prepared to bear your company, and do it with a thankful heart. Will you not speak to me? † The underlined sentence shows a complete character reversal, such a drastic change in Scrooge’s character in comparison to that at the beginning of the book. We are shown a person who gains an insight into his true character. At the onset of the book some may have seen it an impossible task to change a seemingly impenetrable character such as Scrooge into a good man and that he was past redemption. However, Dickens shows that no matter whom the person is, irrespective of what that person has done in the past, everyone is able to have a second chance and that forgiveness is an attribute which we should all ourselves hold. The spirit takes him to the Cratchit’s house once again. However, there is no laughter this time, just silence. Scrooge is eager to find out what is troubling the Cratchit’s and this is revealed when Bob Cratchit returns to the house. It is then that he remembers the empty stool by the fire and the crutch resting upon the floor. This is a shocking reminder that Tiny Tim has died. It now lies heavily on Scrooge;s conscience as he could have prevented it. As the family is torn apart and he witnesses Mr Cratchit break down into tears he also sees his children rushing to his side. There is still a lot of love within the family even though there is not happiness. Scrooge felt that he had been through enough and that nothing else could shock him especially after all he had seen so far. But Scrooge couldn’t be more wrong. As the Ghost takes him to see his own grave Scrooge releases a loud cry. Prior to this the ghost takes Scrooge along the streets where he lives. He makes Scrooge listen to the conversations people are having on the street about a recent death; â€Å"It’s likely to be a very cheap funeral,† said one speaker; â€Å"For upon my life I don’t know of anybody to go to it. Suppose we make up a party and volunteer? † Scrooge feels pity for the fellow who has died as no one misses him and no one feels sorry that that he has gone. He listens as a few men decide that they will volunteer to go to the funeral but only if there is a large spread put on for lunch. Hhe also witnesses people bringing many items to the pawnbrokers from the deceased man’s home, pulling down curtains and removing bed linen and even removing the shirt which the man is laid to rest in whilst in the coffin. These sights disgust Scrooge especially when he realises that it is he who he pities. The change in Scrooge’s character is shown within one line â€Å"I am not the man I was. Ii will not be the man I must have been† which he cries to the spirit whilst clutching at its robe. Dickens uses a very clever comparison when he shows the reader the future detailing Scrooges death and Tiny Tim’s death. As Tiny Tim’s family long for him to be with them and cry in sorrow, Scrooge only has people stripping him of his materialistic possessions and a few businessmen volunteering to go to the funeral as long as they are fed. Theses two deaths show a boy who was loved dearly contrasted with a man who was hated within his town. This shows that even after death our relationship with other people and the way we have behaved still live in. The harsh scenes that Scrooge has witnessed throughout this night have left a deep impression on him, significantly changing him and his life. The following morning being Christmas Day, Scrooge awakens displaying many new, startling emotions. He says, â€Å"I am as light as a feather. I am as happy as an angel, I am as merry as a schoolboy, I am as giddy as a drunken man. A Merry Christmas to everyone! † As Scrooge buys a large turkey and sends it to the Cratchit’s house for dinner he then dresses and arrives at the house of his Nephew who greets him warmly shaking his hand and offering him a seat. As the room fills and they sit down to eat Scrooge feels great warmth, for the first time he can truly see again and he forgets about his business and about money and begins to live his life opening his heat to those around him. The Following morning on Boxing Day, Scrooge makes a conscious effort to get to work early so that he can catch Bob Cratchit arriving late for work as he did every year. He acts like he would have usually done pointing out that he is late and asking his for his excuses and then he says â€Å"I am not going to stand for this sort of thing any longer, and therefore, I am about to raise your salary. † It is then that Bob realises Scrooge is not the miserly cold man he one was, but is now transformed. Dickens talks of Scrooge’s actions which followed and how he kept the word he had given to the Spirits, he informs us that Tiny Tim did not die and that Scrooge became a wonderful citizen and a great friend to the Cratchit’s as he did to he Nephew. When Dickens published this book he aimed it not at the poor but at the upper class. This was obvious as the poor in Victorian times would not have been able to read such books as these. He wanted to change society’s views and create awareness of the poverty that existed. His emphasis on Children’s ignorance and want I think is a brilliant use of imagery. Dickens subtly insults the rich calling them ignorant and greedy. Despite this, however, Dickens did not receive criticisms for this book but received high commendations and it is still regularly referred to and read by children and adults of our generation. This book is just one of the wonderful creations of Dickens’ imagination, carrying a powerful and profound message that will educate all generations to come.

Prepare an overview of the Banking Sector of INDIA. Mention your Essay

Prepare an overview of the Banking Sector of INDIA. Mention your sources - Essay Example This has led to competition and generated new level of expectations among the consumers. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of the country and it closely monitors the developments in the financial sector. The banking sector is dominated by Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) including 27 Public Sector Banks (PSBs), 31 Private, 42 Foreign and 196 Regional Rural Banks as of March 2002 (Research & Markets, 2009). In addition, there were 67 scheduled co-operative banks consisting of 51 scheduled urban co-operative banks and 16 scheduled state co-operative banks. State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest bank in India with a market share of 20 percent while ICICI is the second largest bank in India. The commercial banks include the former development financial institutions (DFI) such as the ICICI and the IDBI. The commercial banks have on their books very long-duration GOI securities with some banks holding as much as 45 percent in these securities (Mor, Chandrasekhar & Wahi, 2005). The GOI and the RBI together direct and govern the functioning of the banks (Ra vichandran, 2003). The initiatives or the stimulus package by the GOI has transformed the banking industry which reflects in the significant growth in the banking sector as studied by Dun & Bradstreet, an international research body. Taking into account all banks of India, as of 2009, there are 56,640 branches or offices, 893,356 employees and 27,088 ATMs (IBEF, 2009). Public sector banks dominate the industry comprising of 87.7 percent of all offices, 82% of staff and 60.3% of all ATMs. As on 2nd January 2009, the aggregate bank deposits stood at 21.2% while the ban credit touched 24% against 21.4% as on January 4, 2008. There has also been an increase in the total flow of resources from the banking sector to the commercial sector which stood at US$ 58.83 billion up to January 2, 2009. Credit expansion varies across bank groups.